Periodic Table Elements (CSV)
118 rows12 columns
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | Atomic Number | Symbol | Element Name | Period | Group | Block | Atomic Mass (u) | State at STP | Category | Discovered | Discoverer | Key Uses | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | H | Hydrogen | 1 | 1 | s | 1.008 | Gas | Nonmetal | 1766 | Henry Cavendish | Fuel cells / Ammonia / Rocket fuel | |||||||||||||||
| 3 | 2 | He | Helium | 1 | 18 | s | 4.003 | Gas | Noble Gas | 1895 | William Ramsay | Balloons / MRI cooling / Diving | |||||||||||||||
| 4 | 3 | Li | Lithium | 2 | 1 | s | 6.941 | Solid | Alkali Metal | 1817 | Johan Arfwedson | Batteries / Psychiatric drugs | |||||||||||||||
| 5 | 4 | Be | Beryllium | 2 | 2 | s | 9.012 | Solid | Alkaline Earth Metal | 1798 | Louis Vauquelin | Aerospace alloys / X-ray windows | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | 5 | B | Boron | 2 | 13 | p | 10.81 | Solid | Metalloid | 1808 | Gay-Lussac & Thénard | Glass / Detergents / Nuclear reactors | |||||||||||||||
| 7 | 6 | C | Carbon | 2 | 14 | p | 12.011 | Solid | Nonmetal | Ancient | Unknown | Organic chemistry / Diamonds / Graphite / Steel | |||||||||||||||
| 8 | 7 | N | Nitrogen | 2 | 15 | p | 14.007 | Gas | Nonmetal | 1772 | Daniel Rutherford | Fertilizers / Explosives / Cryogenics | |||||||||||||||
| 9 | 8 | O | Oxygen | 2 | 16 | p | 15.999 | Gas | Nonmetal | 1774 | Carl Scheele / Priestley | Respiration / Steel / Water | |||||||||||||||
| 10 | 9 | F | Fluorine | 2 | 17 | p | 18.998 | Gas | Halogen | 1886 | Henri Moissan | Teflon / Toothpaste / Refrigerants | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | 10 | Ne | Neon | 2 | 18 | p | 20.180 | Gas | Noble Gas | 1898 | Ramsay & Travers | Neon signs / Lasers | |||||||||||||||
| 12 | 11 | Na | Sodium | 3 | 1 | s | 22.990 | Solid | Alkali Metal | 1807 | Humphry Davy | Table salt / Soap / Street lights | |||||||||||||||
| 13 | 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 3 | 2 | s | 24.305 | Solid | Alkaline Earth Metal | 1755 | Joseph Black | Alloys / Fireworks / Antacids | |||||||||||||||
| 14 | 13 | Al | Aluminium | 3 | 13 | p | 26.982 | Solid | Post-transition Metal | 1825 | Hans Ørsted | Packaging / Aircraft / Electrical wiring | |||||||||||||||
| 15 | 14 | Si | Silicon | 3 | 14 | p | 28.086 | Solid | Metalloid | 1824 | Jöns Berzelius | Semiconductors / Glass / Solar cells | |||||||||||||||
| 16 | 15 | P | Phosphorus | 3 | 15 | p | 30.974 | Solid | Nonmetal | 1669 | Hennig Brandt | Fertilizers / Matches / DNA backbone | |||||||||||||||
| 17 | 16 | S | Sulfur | 3 | 16 | p | 32.06 | Solid | Nonmetal | Ancient | Unknown | Gunpowder / Rubber vulcanization / H2SO4 | |||||||||||||||
| 18 | 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 3 | 17 | p | 35.45 | Gas | Halogen | 1774 | Carl Scheele | Disinfectants / PVC / Water treatment | |||||||||||||||
| 19 | 18 | Ar | Argon | 3 | 18 | p | 39.948 | Gas | Noble Gas | 1894 | Ramsay & Strutt | Welding / Incandescent bulbs / Lasers | |||||||||||||||
| 20 | 19 | K | Potassium | 4 | 1 | s | 39.098 | Solid | Alkali Metal | 1807 | Humphry Davy | Fertilizers / Gunpowder / Body electrolytes | |||||||||||||||
| 21 | 20 | Ca | Calcium | 4 | 2 | s | 40.078 | Solid | Alkaline Earth Metal | 1808 | Humphry Davy | Cement / Bones / Cheese | |||||||||||||||
| 22 | 21 | Sc | Scandium | 4 | 3 | d | 44.956 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1879 | Lars Nilson | Aerospace alloys / Sports equipment | |||||||||||||||
| 23 | 22 | Ti | Titanium | 4 | 4 | d | 47.867 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1791 | William Gregor | Aircraft / Medical implants / Pigments | |||||||||||||||
| 24 | 23 | V | Vanadium | 4 | 5 | d | 50.942 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1801 | Andrés del Río | Steel alloys / Catalysts | |||||||||||||||
| 25 | 24 | Cr | Chromium | 4 | 6 | d | 51.996 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1798 | Louis Vauquelin | Stainless steel / Chrome plating / Pigments | |||||||||||||||
| 26 | 25 | Mn | Manganese | 4 | 7 | d | 54.938 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1774 | Johan Gahn | Steel / Dry cell batteries / Pigments | |||||||||||||||
| 27 | 26 | Fe | Iron | 4 | 8 | d | 55.845 | Solid | Transition Metal | Ancient | Unknown | Steel / Construction / Magnets / Hemoglobin | |||||||||||||||
| 28 | 27 | Co | Cobalt | 4 | 9 | d | 58.933 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1735 | Georg Brandt | Batteries / Magnets / Blue pigments | |||||||||||||||
| 29 | 28 | Ni | Nickel | 4 | 10 | d | 58.693 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1751 | Axel Cronstedt | Stainless steel / Coins / Batteries | |||||||||||||||
| 30 | 29 | Cu | Copper | 4 | 11 | d | 63.546 | Solid | Transition Metal | Ancient | Unknown | Electrical wiring / Plumbing / Coins / Alloys | |||||||||||||||
| 31 | 30 | Zn | Zinc | 4 | 12 | d | 65.38 | Solid | Transition Metal | Ancient | Unknown | Galvanizing / Brass / Sunscreen / Supplements | |||||||||||||||
| 32 | 31 | Ga | Gallium | 4 | 13 | p | 69.723 | Solid | Post-transition Metal | 1875 | Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran | LEDs / Semiconductors / Solar cells | |||||||||||||||
| 33 | 32 | Ge | Germanium | 4 | 14 | p | 72.630 | Solid | Metalloid | 1886 | Clemens Winkler | Semiconductors / Fiber optics / Infrared optics | |||||||||||||||
| 34 | 33 | As | Arsenic | 4 | 15 | p | 74.922 | Solid | Metalloid | Ancient | Unknown | Semiconductors / Pesticides / Poison (historical) | |||||||||||||||
| 35 | 34 | Se | Selenium | 4 | 16 | p | 78.971 | Solid | Nonmetal | 1817 | Jöns Berzelius | Solar cells / Photocopiers / Supplements | |||||||||||||||
| 36 | 35 | Br | Bromine | 4 | 17 | p | 79.904 | Liquid | Halogen | 1826 | Antoine Balard | Flame retardants / Photography / Disinfectants | |||||||||||||||
| 37 | 36 | Kr | Krypton | 4 | 18 | p | 83.798 | Gas | Noble Gas | 1898 | Ramsay & Travers | Lighting / Lasers / Standard of length (historical) | |||||||||||||||
| 38 | 37 | Rb | Rubidium | 4 | 1 | s | 85.468 | Solid | Alkali Metal | 1861 | Bunsen & Kirchhoff | Atomic clocks / Research / GPS | |||||||||||||||
| 39 | 38 | Sr | Strontium | 4 | 2 | s | 87.62 | Solid | Alkaline Earth Metal | 1790 | William Cruickshank | Fireworks / CRT displays / Medical imaging | |||||||||||||||
| 40 | 39 | Y | Yttrium | 4 | 3 | d | 88.906 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1794 | Johan Gadolin | LEDs / Superconductors / Cancer treatment | |||||||||||||||
| 41 | 40 | Zr | Zirconium | 4 | 4 | d | 91.224 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1789 | Martin Klaproth | Nuclear reactors / Ceramics / Jewelry | |||||||||||||||
| 42 | 41 | Nb | Niobium | 4 | 5 | d | 92.906 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1801 | Charles Hatchett | Steel alloys / Superconductors / Jewelry | |||||||||||||||
| 43 | 42 | Mo | Molybdenum | 4 | 6 | d | 95.96 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1778 | Carl Scheele | Steel alloys / Catalysts / Lubricants | |||||||||||||||
| 44 | 43 | Tc | Technetium | 4 | 7 | d | 98 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1937 | Perrier & Segrè | Medical imaging (nuclear medicine) | |||||||||||||||
| 45 | 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | 4 | 8 | d | 101.07 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1844 | Karl Ernst Claus | Catalysts / Electrical contacts / Solar cells | |||||||||||||||
| 46 | 45 | Rh | Rhodium | 4 | 9 | d | 102.91 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1803 | William Wollaston | Catalytic converters / Jewelry / Mirrors | |||||||||||||||
| 47 | 46 | Pd | Palladium | 4 | 10 | d | 106.42 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1803 | William Wollaston | Catalytic converters / Hydrogen storage / Jewelry | |||||||||||||||
| 48 | 47 | Ag | Silver | 4 | 11 | d | 107.87 | Solid | Transition Metal | Ancient | Unknown | Jewelry / Electronics / Photography / Antimicrobial | |||||||||||||||
| 49 | 48 | Cd | Cadmium | 4 | 12 | d | 112.41 | Solid | Transition Metal | 1817 | Stromeyer & Hermann | Batteries / Pigments / Plating | |||||||||||||||
| 50 | 49 | In | Indium | 4 | 13 | p | 114.82 | Solid | Post-transition Metal | 1863 | Reich & Richter | LCD screens / Solar cells / Bearings | |||||||||||||||
| 51 | 50 | Sn | Tin | 4 | 14 | p | 118.71 | Solid | Post-transition Metal | Ancient | Unknown | Solder / Cans / Bronze alloys / Coatings | |||||||||||||||
| 52 | 51 | Sb | Antimony | 4 | 15 | p | 121.76 | Solid | Metalloid | Ancient | Unknown | Flame retardants / Batteries / Semiconductors | |||||||||||||||
| 53 | 52 | Te | Tellurium | 4 | 16 | p | 127.60 | Solid | Metalloid | 1782 | Franz-Joseph Müller | Solar cells / Alloys / Semiconductors | |||||||||||||||
| 54 | 53 | I | Iodine | 4 | 17 | p | 126.90 | Solid | Halogen | 1811 | Bernard Courtois | Antiseptics / Thyroid supplements / Dyes | |||||||||||||||
| 55 | 54 | Xe | Xenon | 4 | 18 | p | 131.29 | Gas | Noble Gas | 1898 | Ramsay & Travers | Ion propulsion / Lighting / Anesthesia | |||||||||||||||
| 56 | 55 | Cs | Caesium | 5 | 1 | s | 132.91 | Solid | Alkali Metal | 1860 | Bunsen & Kirchhoff | Atomic clocks / Drilling fluids / GPS | |||||||||||||||