Periodic Table Elements (CSV)

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L
H	Atomic Number	Symbol	Element Name	Period	Group	Block	Atomic Mass (u)	State at STP	Category	Discovered	Discoverer	Key Uses
2	1	H	Hydrogen	1	1	s	1.008	Gas	Nonmetal	1766	Henry Cavendish	Fuel cells / Ammonia / Rocket fuel
3	2	He	Helium	1	18	s	4.003	Gas	Noble Gas	1895	William Ramsay	Balloons / MRI cooling / Diving
4	3	Li	Lithium	2	1	s	6.941	Solid	Alkali Metal	1817	Johan Arfwedson	Batteries / Psychiatric drugs
5	4	Be	Beryllium	2	2	s	9.012	Solid	Alkaline Earth Metal	1798	Louis Vauquelin	Aerospace alloys / X-ray windows
6	5	B	Boron	2	13	p	10.81	Solid	Metalloid	1808	Gay-Lussac & Thénard	Glass / Detergents / Nuclear reactors
7	6	C	Carbon	2	14	p	12.011	Solid	Nonmetal	Ancient	Unknown	Organic chemistry / Diamonds / Graphite / Steel
8	7	N	Nitrogen	2	15	p	14.007	Gas	Nonmetal	1772	Daniel Rutherford	Fertilizers / Explosives / Cryogenics
9	8	O	Oxygen	2	16	p	15.999	Gas	Nonmetal	1774	Carl Scheele / Priestley	Respiration / Steel / Water
10	9	F	Fluorine	2	17	p	18.998	Gas	Halogen	1886	Henri Moissan	Teflon / Toothpaste / Refrigerants
11	10	Ne	Neon	2	18	p	20.180	Gas	Noble Gas	1898	Ramsay & Travers	Neon signs / Lasers
12	11	Na	Sodium	3	1	s	22.990	Solid	Alkali Metal	1807	Humphry Davy	Table salt / Soap / Street lights
13	12	Mg	Magnesium	3	2	s	24.305	Solid	Alkaline Earth Metal	1755	Joseph Black	Alloys / Fireworks / Antacids
14	13	Al	Aluminium	3	13	p	26.982	Solid	Post-transition Metal	1825	Hans Ørsted	Packaging / Aircraft / Electrical wiring
15	14	Si	Silicon	3	14	p	28.086	Solid	Metalloid	1824	Jöns Berzelius	Semiconductors / Glass / Solar cells
16	15	P	Phosphorus	3	15	p	30.974	Solid	Nonmetal	1669	Hennig Brandt	Fertilizers / Matches / DNA backbone
17	16	S	Sulfur	3	16	p	32.06	Solid	Nonmetal	Ancient	Unknown	Gunpowder / Rubber vulcanization / H2SO4
18	17	Cl	Chlorine	3	17	p	35.45	Gas	Halogen	1774	Carl Scheele	Disinfectants / PVC / Water treatment
19	18	Ar	Argon	3	18	p	39.948	Gas	Noble Gas	1894	Ramsay & Strutt	Welding / Incandescent bulbs / Lasers
20	19	K	Potassium	4	1	s	39.098	Solid	Alkali Metal	1807	Humphry Davy	Fertilizers / Gunpowder / Body electrolytes
21	20	Ca	Calcium	4	2	s	40.078	Solid	Alkaline Earth Metal	1808	Humphry Davy	Cement / Bones / Cheese
22	21	Sc	Scandium	4	3	d	44.956	Solid	Transition Metal	1879	Lars Nilson	Aerospace alloys / Sports equipment
23	22	Ti	Titanium	4	4	d	47.867	Solid	Transition Metal	1791	William Gregor	Aircraft / Medical implants / Pigments
24	23	V	Vanadium	4	5	d	50.942	Solid	Transition Metal	1801	Andrés del Río	Steel alloys / Catalysts
25	24	Cr	Chromium	4	6	d	51.996	Solid	Transition Metal	1798	Louis Vauquelin	Stainless steel / Chrome plating / Pigments
26	25	Mn	Manganese	4	7	d	54.938	Solid	Transition Metal	1774	Johan Gahn	Steel / Dry cell batteries / Pigments
27	26	Fe	Iron	4	8	d	55.845	Solid	Transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Steel / Construction / Magnets / Hemoglobin
28	27	Co	Cobalt	4	9	d	58.933	Solid	Transition Metal	1735	Georg Brandt	Batteries / Magnets / Blue pigments
29	28	Ni	Nickel	4	10	d	58.693	Solid	Transition Metal	1751	Axel Cronstedt	Stainless steel / Coins / Batteries
30	29	Cu	Copper	4	11	d	63.546	Solid	Transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Electrical wiring / Plumbing / Coins / Alloys
31	30	Zn	Zinc	4	12	d	65.38	Solid	Transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Galvanizing / Brass / Sunscreen / Supplements
32	31	Ga	Gallium	4	13	p	69.723	Solid	Post-transition Metal	1875	Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran	LEDs / Semiconductors / Solar cells
33	32	Ge	Germanium	4	14	p	72.630	Solid	Metalloid	1886	Clemens Winkler	Semiconductors / Fiber optics / Infrared optics
34	33	As	Arsenic	4	15	p	74.922	Solid	Metalloid	Ancient	Unknown	Semiconductors / Pesticides / Poison (historical)
35	34	Se	Selenium	4	16	p	78.971	Solid	Nonmetal	1817	Jöns Berzelius	Solar cells / Photocopiers / Supplements
36	35	Br	Bromine	4	17	p	79.904	Liquid	Halogen	1826	Antoine Balard	Flame retardants / Photography / Disinfectants
37	36	Kr	Krypton	4	18	p	83.798	Gas	Noble Gas	1898	Ramsay & Travers	Lighting / Lasers / Standard of length (historical)
38	37	Rb	Rubidium	4	1	s	85.468	Solid	Alkali Metal	1861	Bunsen & Kirchhoff	Atomic clocks / Research / GPS
39	38	Sr	Strontium	4	2	s	87.62	Solid	Alkaline Earth Metal	1790	William Cruickshank	Fireworks / CRT displays / Medical imaging
40	39	Y	Yttrium	4	3	d	88.906	Solid	Transition Metal	1794	Johan Gadolin	LEDs / Superconductors / Cancer treatment
41	40	Zr	Zirconium	4	4	d	91.224	Solid	Transition Metal	1789	Martin Klaproth	Nuclear reactors / Ceramics / Jewelry
42	41	Nb	Niobium	4	5	d	92.906	Solid	Transition Metal	1801	Charles Hatchett	Steel alloys / Superconductors / Jewelry
43	42	Mo	Molybdenum	4	6	d	95.96	Solid	Transition Metal	1778	Carl Scheele	Steel alloys / Catalysts / Lubricants
44	43	Tc	Technetium	4	7	d	98	Solid	Transition Metal	1937	Perrier & Segrè	Medical imaging (nuclear medicine)
45	44	Ru	Ruthenium	4	8	d	101.07	Solid	Transition Metal	1844	Karl Ernst Claus	Catalysts / Electrical contacts / Solar cells
46	45	Rh	Rhodium	4	9	d	102.91	Solid	Transition Metal	1803	William Wollaston	Catalytic converters / Jewelry / Mirrors
47	46	Pd	Palladium	4	10	d	106.42	Solid	Transition Metal	1803	William Wollaston	Catalytic converters / Hydrogen storage / Jewelry
48	47	Ag	Silver	4	11	d	107.87	Solid	Transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Jewelry / Electronics / Photography / Antimicrobial
49	48	Cd	Cadmium	4	12	d	112.41	Solid	Transition Metal	1817	Stromeyer & Hermann	Batteries / Pigments / Plating
50	49	In	Indium	4	13	p	114.82	Solid	Post-transition Metal	1863	Reich & Richter	LCD screens / Solar cells / Bearings
51	50	Sn	Tin	4	14	p	118.71	Solid	Post-transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Solder / Cans / Bronze alloys / Coatings
52	51	Sb	Antimony	4	15	p	121.76	Solid	Metalloid	Ancient	Unknown	Flame retardants / Batteries / Semiconductors
53	52	Te	Tellurium	4	16	p	127.60	Solid	Metalloid	1782	Franz-Joseph Müller	Solar cells / Alloys / Semiconductors
54	53	I	Iodine	4	17	p	126.90	Solid	Halogen	1811	Bernard Courtois	Antiseptics / Thyroid supplements / Dyes
55	54	Xe	Xenon	4	18	p	131.29	Gas	Noble Gas	1898	Ramsay & Travers	Ion propulsion / Lighting / Anesthesia
56	55	Cs	Caesium	5	1	s	132.91	Solid	Alkali Metal	1860	Bunsen & Kirchhoff	Atomic clocks / Drilling fluids / GPS
57	56	Ba	Barium	5	2	s	137.33	Solid	Alkaline Earth Metal	1808	Humphry Davy	Medical imaging / Fireworks / Drilling mud
58	57	La	Lanthanum	5	3	f	138.91	Solid	Lanthanide	1839	Carl Mosander	Camera lenses / Hydrogen storage / Catalysts
59	58	Ce	Cerium	5	4	f	140.12	Solid	Lanthanide	1803	Berzelius & Hisinger	Catalytic converters / Glass polishing / Lighters
60	59	Pr	Praseodymium	5	5	f	140.91	Solid	Lanthanide	1885	Carl Auer	Magnets / Goggles / Aircraft engines
61	60	Nd	Neodymium	5	6	f	144.24	Solid	Lanthanide	1885	Carl Auer	NdFeB magnets / Lasers / Electric motors
62	61	Pm	Promethium	5	7	f	145	Solid	Lanthanide	1945	Marinsky et al.	Nuclear batteries / Pacemakers (historical)
63	62	Sm	Samarium	5	8	f	150.36	Solid	Lanthanide	1879	Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran	Magnets / Cancer treatment / Lasers
64	63	Eu	Europium	5	9	f	151.96	Solid	Lanthanide	1901	Eugène-Anatole Demarçay	Phosphors / Anti-counterfeiting / Red LEDs
65	64	Gd	Gadolinium	5	10	f	157.25	Solid	Lanthanide	1880	Jean Charles Galissard	MRI contrast agents / Nuclear reactors
66	65	Tb	Terbium	5	11	f	158.93	Solid	Lanthanide	1843	Carl Mosander	Green phosphors / Actuators
67	66	Dy	Dysprosium	5	12	f	162.50	Solid	Lanthanide	1886	Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran	Magnets / Lasers / Nuclear reactors
68	67	Ho	Holmium	5	13	f	164.93	Solid	Lanthanide	1878	Soret & Delafontaine	Magnets / Nuclear reactors / Lasers
69	68	Er	Erbium	5	14	f	167.26	Solid	Lanthanide	1843	Carl Mosander	Fiber optic amplifiers / Lasers / Pink glass
70	69	Tm	Thulium	5	15	f	168.93	Solid	Lanthanide	1879	Per Teodor Cleve	Portable X-ray devices / Lasers
71	70	Yb	Ytterbium	5	16	f	173.04	Solid	Lanthanide	1878	Jean Charles Galissard	Atomic clocks / Fiber optic amplifiers
72	71	Lu	Lutetium	5	17	f	174.97	Solid	Lanthanide	1907	Georges Urbain	PET scans / Catalysts / LED phosphors
73	72	Hf	Hafnium	5	4	d	178.49	Solid	Transition Metal	1923	Dirk Coster & de Hevesy	Nuclear reactors / Microchip gates / Alloys
74	73	Ta	Tantalum	5	5	d	180.95	Solid	Transition Metal	1802	Anders Gustaf Ekeberg	Capacitors / Surgical implants / Carbide tools
75	74	W	Tungsten	5	6	d	183.84	Solid	Transition Metal	1783	Juan and Fausto Elhuyar	Light filaments / Drill bits / Alloys
76	75	Re	Rhenium	5	7	d	186.21	Solid	Transition Metal	1925	Noddack / Berg / Tacke	Jet engines / Catalysts / Thermocouples
77	76	Os	Osmium	5	8	d	190.23	Solid	Transition Metal	1803	Smithson Tennant	Pen nibs / Electrical contacts / Catalysts
78	77	Ir	Iridium	5	9	d	192.22	Solid	Transition Metal	1803	Smithson Tennant	Spark plugs / Crucibles / K-Pg boundary marker
79	78	Pt	Platinum	5	10	d	195.08	Solid	Transition Metal	1748	Antonio de Ulloa	Catalytic converters / Jewelry / Cancer drugs
80	79	Au	Gold	5	11	d	196.97	Solid	Transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Jewelry / Electronics / Currency / Medicine
81	80	Hg	Mercury	5	12	d	200.59	Liquid	Transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Thermometers / Fluorescent lamps / Dental amalgams
82	81	Tl	Thallium	5	13	p	204.38	Solid	Post-transition Metal	1861	William Crookes	Electronics / Medical imaging / Poison (historical)
83	82	Pb	Lead	5	14	p	207.2	Solid	Post-transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Batteries / Radiation shielding / Historical pipes
84	83	Bi	Bismuth	5	15	p	208.98	Solid	Post-transition Metal	Ancient	Unknown	Cosmetics / Fire sprinklers / Pepto-Bismol
85	84	Po	Polonium	5	16	p	209	Solid	Post-transition Metal	1898	Marie & Pierre Curie	Nuclear triggers / Anti-static devices / Research
86	85	At	Astatine	5	17	p	210	Solid	Halogen	1940	Corson / MacKenzie / Segrè	Cancer treatment (research)
87	86	Rn	Radon	5	18	p	222	Gas	Noble Gas	1900	Friedrich Ernst Dorn	Cancer treatment (historical) / Indoor air hazard
88	87	Fr	Francium	6	1	s	223	Solid	Alkali Metal	1939	Marguerite Perey	Research only (extremely rare)
89	88	Ra	Radium	6	2	s	226	Solid	Alkaline Earth Metal	1898	Marie & Pierre Curie	Cancer treatment (historical) / Luminescent paint
90	89	Ac	Actinium	6	3	f	227	Solid	Actinide	1899	André-Louis Debierne	Cancer treatment / Neutron sources
91	90	Th	Thorium	6	4	f	232.04	Solid	Actinide	1829	Jöns Berzelius	Nuclear fuel / Lantern mantles / Alloys
92	91	Pa	Protactinium	6	5	f	231.04	Solid	Actinide	1913	Fajans & Göhring	Research / Nuclear fuel cycle
93	92	U	Uranium	6	6	f	238.03	Solid	Actinide	1789	Martin Klaproth	Nuclear fuel / Weapons / Yellowcake
94	93	Np	Neptunium	6	7	f	237	Solid	Actinide	1940	McMillan & Abelson	Nuclear research / Detectors
95	94	Pu	Plutonium	6	8	f	244	Solid	Actinide	1940	Glenn Seaborg et al.	Nuclear weapons / Reactor fuel / RTGs
96	95	Am	Americium	6	9	f	243	Solid	Actinide	1944	Glenn Seaborg et al.	Smoke detectors / Medical diagnostics
97	96	Cm	Curium	6	10	f	247	Solid	Actinide	1944	Glenn Seaborg et al.	Space probes (alpha source) / Research
98	97	Bk	Berkelium	6	11	f	247	Solid	Actinide	1949	Seaborg / Thompson / Ghiorso	Research / Synthesis of heavier elements
99	98	Cf	Californium	6	12	f	251	Solid	Actinide	1950	Seaborg / Thompson / Street / Ghiorso	Neutron sources / Oil well logging / Cancer treatment
100	99	Es	Einsteinium	6	13	f	252	Solid	Actinide	1952	Lawrence Berkeley Lab	Research only
101	100	Fm	Fermium	6	14	f	257	Solid	Actinide	1952	Lawrence Berkeley Lab	Research only
102	101	Md	Mendelevium	6	15	f	258	Solid	Actinide	1955	Seaborg et al.	Research only
103	102	No	Nobelium	6	16	f	259	Solid	Actinide	1966	Flerov et al.	Research only
104	103	Lr	Lawrencium	6	17	f	266	Solid	Actinide	1961	Ghiorso et al.	Research only
105	104	Rf	Rutherfordium	7	4	d	267	Solid	Transition Metal	1969	Flerov / Ghiorso	Research only
106	105	Db	Dubnium	7	5	d	268	Solid	Transition Metal	1970	Flerov / Ghiorso	Research only
107	106	Sg	Seaborgium	7	6	d	271	Solid	Transition Metal	1974	Ghiorso et al.	Research only
108	107	Bh	Bohrium	7	7	d	272	Solid	Transition Metal	1981	Münzenberg et al.	Research only
109	108	Hs	Hassium	7	8	d	270	Solid	Transition Metal	1984	Münzenberg et al.	Research only
110	109	Mt	Meitnerium	7	9	d	278	Solid	Unknown	1982	Münzenberg et al.	Research only
111	110	Ds	Darmstadtium	7	10	d	281	Solid	Unknown	1994	Hofmann et al.	Research only
112	111	Rg	Roentgenium	7	11	d	282	Solid	Unknown	1994	Hofmann et al.	Research only
113	112	Cn	Copernicium	7	12	d	285	Liquid(?)	Transition Metal	1996	Hofmann et al.	Research only
114	113	Nh	Nihonium	7	13	p	286	Solid	Post-transition Metal	2004	RIKEN	Research only
115	114	Fl	Flerovium	7	14	p	289	Solid(?)	Post-transition Metal	1999	Flerov Lab	Research only
116	115	Mc	Moscovium	7	15	p	290	Solid	Post-transition Metal	2003	Flerov / Livermore	Research only
117	116	Lv	Livermorium	7	16	p	293	Solid	Post-transition Metal	2000	Flerov / Livermore	Research only
118	117	Ts	Tennessine	7	17	p	294	Solid	Halogen(?)	2010	Flerov / Oak Ridge / Vanderbilt	Research only
119	118	Og	Oganesson	7	18	p	294	Gas(?)	Noble Gas(?)	2002	Flerov / Livermore	Research only; heaviest confirmed element